{"id":577,"date":"2016-02-22T01:10:48","date_gmt":"2016-02-22T06:10:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.teachenglishworld.com\/?page_id=577"},"modified":"2016-02-22T01:40:20","modified_gmt":"2016-02-22T06:40:20","slug":"nationalities","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.teachenglishworld.com\/?page_id=577","title":{"rendered":"NATIONALITIES"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.teachenglishworld.com\/?page_id=513\">English Grammar<\/a>\u00a0&gt;\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.teachenglishworld.com\/?page_id=520\">Nouns<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Forming nationality adjectives and nouns from country names is not always simple in English. Use the natiionality adjective ending in -ese or -ish with a plural verb, to refere to all people of that nationality. The adjective listed also often referes to the language spoken in the the country, although is not always the case.<\/p>\n<p>EXAMPLES<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Country<\/strong>: I live in Vietnam.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Adjective<\/strong>: He likes Vietnamese food.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Origins<\/strong>: She is a Vietnamese person. = She is from Vietnam. = She is Vietnamese.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Language<\/strong>: She speaks Vietnamese.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Describing a group<\/strong>: Spaniards often drink wine. = Spanish people often drink wine.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Describing a group<\/strong>: the Vietnamese enjoy fireworks. = Vietnamese people enjoy fireworks.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<style><!--\n.demo { border:1px solid #C0C0C0; border-collapse:collapse; padding:5px; } .demo th { border:1px solid #C0C0C0; padding:5px; background:#F0F0F0; } .demo td { border:1px solid #C0C0C0; padding:5px; }\n--><\/style>\n<p>\u00a0In some cases, a nationality or regional noun may be negatively corrolated for some people. for historic or political reasons. When this is the case, many people will not use it, but will instead use a more neutral adjective + &#8220;people&#8221; formulation or &#8220;people from&#8221; + country name. This is the case for the examples with an asterix below. Alternative formulations, less likely give offense, are given in parentheses.<\/p>\n<table class=\"demo\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Geographic Region\/Continent<\/th>\n<th>Adjective<\/th>\n<th>Noun<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0Africa<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0African<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0an African* (an African person, someone from Africa)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0Asia<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0Asian<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0an Asian* (an Asian person, someone from Asia)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0Europe<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0European<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0a European<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0Central America<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0Central American<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0a Central American<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0South America<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0South American<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0a South American<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0Middle East<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0Middle Eastern<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0a Middle Easterner<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0North Africa<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0North African<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0a North African<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0Southeast Asia<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0Southeast Asian<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0a Southeast Asian person<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Country or region<\/th>\n<th>Adjective<\/th>\n<th>Noun<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Afghanistan<\/td>\n<td>Afghan<\/td>\n<td>an Afghan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Algeria<\/td>\n<td>Algerian<\/td>\n<td>an Algerian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Angola<\/td>\n<td>Angolan<\/td>\n<td>an Angolan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Argentina<\/td>\n<td>Argentine<\/td>\n<td>an Argentine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Austria<\/td>\n<td>Austrian<\/td>\n<td>an Austrian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Australia<\/td>\n<td>Australian<\/td>\n<td>an Australian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Bangladesh<\/td>\n<td>Bangladeshi<\/td>\n<td>a Bangladeshi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Belarus<\/td>\n<td>Belarusian<\/td>\n<td>a Belarusian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Belgium<\/td>\n<td>Belgian<\/td>\n<td>a Belgian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Bolivia<\/td>\n<td>Bolivian<\/td>\n<td>a Bolivian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Bosnia and Herzegovina<\/td>\n<td>Bosnian\/Herzegovinian<\/td>\n<td>a Bosnian\/a Herzegovinian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Brazil<\/td>\n<td>Brazilian<\/td>\n<td>a Brazilian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Britain<\/td>\n<td>British<\/td>\n<td>a Briton (informally: a Brit)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Bulgaria<\/td>\n<td>Bulgarian<\/td>\n<td>a Bulgarian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Cambodia<\/td>\n<td>Cambodian<\/td>\n<td>a Cambodian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Cameroon<\/td>\n<td>Cameroonian<\/td>\n<td>a Cameroonian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Canada<\/td>\n<td>Canadian<\/td>\n<td>a Canadian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Central African Republic<\/td>\n<td>Central African<\/td>\n<td>a Central African<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Chad<\/td>\n<td>Chadian<\/td>\n<td>a Chadian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>China<\/td>\n<td>Chinese<\/td>\n<td>a Chinese person<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Colombia<\/td>\n<td>Colombian<\/td>\n<td>a Colombian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Costa Rica<\/td>\n<td>Costa Rican<\/td>\n<td>a Costa Rican<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Croatia<\/td>\n<td>Croatian<\/td>\n<td>a Croat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>the Czech Republic<\/td>\n<td>Czech<\/td>\n<td>a Czech person<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Democratic Republic of the Congo<\/td>\n<td>Congolese<\/td>\n<td>a Congolese person (note: this refers to people from the Republic of the Congo as well)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Denmark<\/td>\n<td>Danish<\/td>\n<td>a Dane<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ecuador<\/td>\n<td>Ecuadorian<\/td>\n<td>an Ecuadorian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Egypt<\/td>\n<td>Egyptian<\/td>\n<td>an Egyptian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>El Salvador<\/td>\n<td>Salvadoran<\/td>\n<td>a Salvadoran (also accepted are Salvadorian &amp; Salvadorean)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>England<\/td>\n<td>English<\/td>\n<td>an Englishman\/Englishwoman<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Estonia<\/td>\n<td>Estonian<\/td>\n<td>an Estonian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ethiopia<\/td>\n<td>Ethiopian<\/td>\n<td>an Ethiopian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Finland<\/td>\n<td>Finnish<\/td>\n<td>a Finn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>France<\/td>\n<td>French<\/td>\n<td>a Frenchman\/Frenchwoman<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Germany<\/td>\n<td>German<\/td>\n<td>a German<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ghana<\/td>\n<td>Ghanaian<\/td>\n<td>a Ghanaian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Greece<\/td>\n<td>Greek<\/td>\n<td>a Greek<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Guatemala<\/td>\n<td>Guatemalan<\/td>\n<td>a Guatemalan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Holland<\/td>\n<td>Dutch<\/td>\n<td>a Dutchman\/Dutchwoman<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Honduras<\/td>\n<td>Honduran<\/td>\n<td>a Honduran<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Hungary<\/td>\n<td>Hungarian<\/td>\n<td>a Hungarian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Iceland<\/td>\n<td>Icelandic<\/td>\n<td>an Icelander<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>India<\/td>\n<td>Indian<\/td>\n<td>an Indian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Indonesia<\/td>\n<td>Indonesian<\/td>\n<td>an Indonesian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Iran<\/td>\n<td>Iranian<\/td>\n<td>an Iranian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Iraq<\/td>\n<td>Iraqi<\/td>\n<td>an Iraqi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ireland<\/td>\n<td>Irish<\/td>\n<td>an Irishman\/Irishwoman<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Israel<\/td>\n<td>Israeli<\/td>\n<td>an Israeli<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Italy<\/td>\n<td>Italian<\/td>\n<td>an Italian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ivory Coast<\/td>\n<td>Ivorian<\/td>\n<td>an Ivorian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Jamaica<\/td>\n<td>Jamaican<\/td>\n<td>a Jamaican<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Japan<\/td>\n<td>Japanese<\/td>\n<td>a Japanese person<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Jordan<\/td>\n<td>Jordanian<\/td>\n<td>a Jordanian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kazakhstan<\/td>\n<td>Kazakh<\/td>\n<td>a Kazakhstani (used as a noun, &#8220;a Kazakh&#8221; refers to an ethnic group, not a nationality)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kenya<\/td>\n<td>Kenyan<\/td>\n<td>a Kenyan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Laos<\/td>\n<td>Lao<\/td>\n<td>a Laotian (used as a noun, &#8220;a Lao&#8221; refers to an ethnic group, not a nationality)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Latvia<\/td>\n<td>Latvian<\/td>\n<td>a Latvian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Libya<\/td>\n<td>Libyan<\/td>\n<td>a Libyan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Lithuania<\/td>\n<td>Lithuanian<\/td>\n<td>a Lithuanian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Madagascar<\/td>\n<td>Malagasy<\/td>\n<td>a Malagasy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Malaysia<\/td>\n<td>Malaysian<\/td>\n<td>a Malaysian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Mali<\/td>\n<td>Malian<\/td>\n<td>a Malian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Mauritania<\/td>\n<td>Mauritanian<\/td>\n<td>a Mauritanian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Mexico<\/td>\n<td>Mexican<\/td>\n<td>a Mexican* (may be offensive in the USA. Use &#8220;someone from Mexico&#8221; instead.)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Morocco<\/td>\n<td>Moroccan<\/td>\n<td>a Moroccan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Namibia<\/td>\n<td>Namibian<\/td>\n<td>a Namibian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>New Zealand<\/td>\n<td>New Zealand<\/td>\n<td>a New Zealander<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nicaragua<\/td>\n<td>Nicaraguan<\/td>\n<td>a Nicaraguan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Niger<\/td>\n<td>Nigerien<\/td>\n<td>a Nigerien<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nigeria<\/td>\n<td>Nigerian<\/td>\n<td>a Nigerian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Norway<\/td>\n<td>Norwegian<\/td>\n<td>a Norwegian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Oman<\/td>\n<td>Omani<\/td>\n<td>an Omani<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pakistan<\/td>\n<td>Pakistani<\/td>\n<td>a Pakistani* (may be offensive in the UK. Use &#8220;someone from Pakistan&#8221; instead.)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Panama<\/td>\n<td>Panamanian<\/td>\n<td>a Panamanian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Paraguay<\/td>\n<td>Paraguayan<\/td>\n<td>a Paraguayan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Peru<\/td>\n<td>Peruvian<\/td>\n<td>a Peruvian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>The Philippines<\/td>\n<td>Philippine<\/td>\n<td>a Filipino* (someone from the Philippines)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Poland<\/td>\n<td>Polish<\/td>\n<td>a Pole* (someone from Poland, a Polish person)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Portugal<\/td>\n<td>Portuguese<\/td>\n<td>a Portuguese person<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Republic of the Congo<\/td>\n<td>Congolese<\/td>\n<td>a Congolese person (note: this refers to people from the Democratic Republic of the Congo as well)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Romania<\/td>\n<td>Romanian<\/td>\n<td>a Romanian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Russia<\/td>\n<td>Russian<\/td>\n<td>a Russian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Saudi Arabia<\/td>\n<td>Saudi, Saudi Arabian<\/td>\n<td>a Saudi, a Saudi Arabian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Scotland<\/td>\n<td>Scottish<\/td>\n<td>a Scot<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Senegal<\/td>\n<td>Senegalese<\/td>\n<td>a Senegalese person<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Serbia<\/td>\n<td>Serbian<\/td>\n<td>a Serbian (used as a noun, &#8220;a Serb&#8221; refers to an ethnic group, not a nationality<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Singapore<\/td>\n<td>Singaporean<\/td>\n<td>a Singaporean<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Slovakia<\/td>\n<td>Slovak<\/td>\n<td>a Slovak<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Somalia<\/td>\n<td>Somalian<\/td>\n<td>a Somalian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>South Africa<\/td>\n<td>South African<\/td>\n<td>a South African<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Spain<\/td>\n<td>Spanish<\/td>\n<td>a Spaniard* (a Spanish person, someone from Spain)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sudan<\/td>\n<td>Sudanese<\/td>\n<td>a Sudanese person<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sweden<\/td>\n<td>Swedish<\/td>\n<td>a Swede<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Switzerland<\/td>\n<td>Swiss<\/td>\n<td>a Swiss person<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Syria<\/td>\n<td>Syrian<\/td>\n<td>a Syrian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Thailand<\/td>\n<td>Thai<\/td>\n<td>a Thai person<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tunisia<\/td>\n<td>Tunisian<\/td>\n<td>a Tunisian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Turkey<\/td>\n<td>Turkish<\/td>\n<td>a Turk<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Turkmenistan<\/td>\n<td>Turkmen<\/td>\n<td>a Turkmen \/ the Turkmens<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ukraine<\/td>\n<td>Ukranian<\/td>\n<td>a Ukranian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>The United Arab Emirates<\/td>\n<td>Emirati<\/td>\n<td>an Emirati<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>The United States<\/td>\n<td>American<\/td>\n<td>an American<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Uruguay<\/td>\n<td>Uruguayan<\/td>\n<td>a Uruguayan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Vietnam<\/td>\n<td>Vietnamese<\/td>\n<td>a Vietnamese person<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Wales<\/td>\n<td>Welsh<\/td>\n<td>a Welshman\/Welshwoman<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Zambia<\/td>\n<td>Zambian<\/td>\n<td>a Zambian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Zimbabwe<\/td>\n<td>Zimbabwean<\/td>\n<td>a Zimbabwean<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Cities also can be transformed into adjectives and nouns, although they are highly irregular and the nominal form is not alway agreed upon (there may be several). Some examples of transformed city names are below.<\/p>\n<style><!--\n.demo { border:1px solid #C0C0C0; border-collapse:collapse; padding:5px; } .demo th { border:1px solid #C0C0C0; padding:5px; background:#F0F0F0; } .demo td { border:1px solid #C0C0C0; padding:5px; }\n--><\/style>\n<table class=\"demo\">\n<caption>\u00a0<\/caption>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>City<\/th>\n<th>Adjective<\/th>\n<th>Noun<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0Paris<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0Parisian<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0a Parisian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0New York<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0New York<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0a New Yorker<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0Sydney<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0Sydney<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0a Sydney-sider<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0London<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0London<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0a Londoner<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0S\u00e3o\u00a0Paulo<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0S\u00e3o Paulo<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0a Paulistano<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0New Delhi<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0New Delhi<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0a Delhiite<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0Cape Town<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0Cape Town<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0a Captonian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>English Grammar\u00a0&gt;\u00a0Nouns Forming nationality adjectives and nouns from country names is not always simple in English. Use the natiionality adjective ending in -ese or -ish with a plural verb, to refere to all people&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-577","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.teachenglishworld.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/577","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.teachenglishworld.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.teachenglishworld.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.teachenglishworld.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.teachenglishworld.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=577"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"http:\/\/www.teachenglishworld.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/577\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":580,"href":"http:\/\/www.teachenglishworld.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/577\/revisions\/580"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.teachenglishworld.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=577"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}